ABSTRACT
Background: The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy between levosalbutamol and ipratropium combination over levosalbutamol nebulisation in reversing airflow obstruction and improve oxygenation, evaluated using the pulmonary asthma score, SaO2, and PEFR in mild and moderate asthma.Methods: A prospective, randomized, study was performed in RMMCH pediatric emergency department. Children between 6 and 12 years of age who presented with mild to moderate asthma exacerberations were enrolled in the study. They were randomly allocated into two different groups: one nebulised with levosalbutamol alone and another with addition of ipratropium bromide to levosalbutamol. Baseline Peak expiratory flow rate and Final absolute values or change from baseline 60-120 minutes after the inhalation are measured. Patients were evaluated using the pulmonary score.Results: After treatment there is improvement in the mean pulmonary asthma scores and PEFR percentage in A+B group than A group, but it is not statistically significant (p value >0.05). There is statistically significant improvement in pulmonary asthma score and PEFR in each of the groups after nebulisation and pulmonary asthma score has a sensitivity of 66.7% and 65.6% in diagnosing severity of asthma in relation to PEFR.
ABSTRACT
Eight different culture media were used to determine where Phytophthora colocasiae would bet grow and reproduce. Mycelia growth of 86 mm, 79.6 mm, 80.6 mm, 72 mm and 50 mm growth of P. colocasiae were obtained in Carrot Agar, Carrot Potato Agar (CPA) medium, Papaya Sucrose Agar, Host leaf extract agar, Oat meal agar respectively. P. colocasiae grown on Carrot agar for 4-7 days gave Carrot agar was supplement the nutrients to Phytophthora spp. to enhanced production of sporangial growth.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: We undertook this study to determine the infectious aetiology of congenital cataract based on the presence of IgM antibodies to TORCHES [(Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), Rubella virus (RV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Syphilis (caused by Treponema pallidum)] in the serum samples of congenital cataract patients. Methods: Serum samples collected from 593 infants and children (10 days to 12 months old) with clinically diagnosed congenital cataract at Sankara Nethralaya, a referral eye hospital in Chennai, were tested for the presence of specific IgG and IgM antibodies to T. gondii, RV, CMV, HSV by ELISA and specific treponemal antibodies by T. pallidum haemagglutination test (TPHA). Results: IgM antibodies were detected against T. gondii in 1.7 per cent, RV in 8.4 per cent, CMV in 17.8 per cent and HSV in 5.1 per cent, and that of specific IgG in 8.9, 25.0, 66.1 and 2.6 per cent respectively. Presence of IgM antibodies to T. Gondii in the study group was significantly lower when compared to IgM antibodies to RV, CMV and HSV. All serum samples were negative for the presence of anti treponemal antibodies by TPHA. Overall, IgM antibodies to one or more of the four infectious agents were detected in 20.2 per cent of the study population, and among these co-infections to more than one infectious agents were detected in 12.5 per cent. Interpretation & conclusion: The results of the present retrospective analysis showed association of RV, CMV, HSV and T. gondii with congenital cataract based on the presence of specific IgM antibodies.
Subject(s)
Cataract/congenital , Cataract/etiology , Female , Hospitals, Special , Humans , India , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Syphilis/complications , Toxoplasmosis/complicationsABSTRACT
Blood specimens collected at the time of enucleation of the eyes from 483 consecutive eye donors were tested for sero-markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Antibodies to HIV1 were detected in 3 (0.62%), HBsAg in 17 (3.52%) and antibodies to HCV in 7 (1.45%).